Site types
Cave, miscellaneous, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
NA
Coordinates (DMS)
NA
Country (ISO 3166)
Greece (GR)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (39)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Gif-2125 Pit outside the cave Collagen, bone NA NA 6800±170 BP Breunig 1987: 92
Gif-2538 Ref. B II, d 9, level 3 Charcoal NA NA 5950±150 BP Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-2539 Ref. B I, b 7, level 4 Charcoal NA NA 5840±150 BP Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-4442 Layer 4B NA NA 5820±120 BP Coleman 1992: 210
Gif-1729 Layer 4, Sounding 2 Charcoal NA NA 5750±130 BP Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-2541 Ref. B II, c 8, level 7 Charcoal NA NA 5680±180 BP Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-1832 Layer 4, fireplace Charcoal NA NA 5650±130 BP Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-1612 Layer 4, Sounding 2, hearth Φ 2, dwelling level Charcoal NA NA 5700±140 BP Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-1670 Layer 4, Sounding 2, hearth Φ 3, dwelling level Charcoal NA NA 5550±150 BP Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-4440 Layer 3 NA NA 5550±120 BP Coleman 1992: 210
Gif-1280 Layer 3a, Sounding 1, dwelling level Charcoal NA NA 5470±150 BP Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-1610 Layer 3, Sounding 2, hearth Charcoal NA NA 5350±200 BP Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Gif-1280 charcoal NA 14C 5470±150 BP Facorellis 2013 Weninger 2022
Gif-1283 charcoal NA 14C 1900±140 BP Facorellis 2013 Weninger 2022
Gif-1610 charcoal NA 14C 5350±200 BP Facorellis 2013 Weninger 2022
Gif-1612 charcoal NA 14C 5700±140 BP Facorellis 2013 Weninger 2022
Gif-1670 charcoal NA 14C 5550±150 BP Facorellis 2013 Weninger 2022
Gif-1729 charcoal NA 14C 5750±130 BP Facorellis 2013 Weninger 2022
Gif-1832 charcoal NA 14C 5650±130 BP Facorellis 2013 Weninger 2022
Gif-2125 bone Animalia 14C 6800±170 BP Facorellis 2013 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (36)

Classification Estimated age References
LN NA Sampson et al. 1998: 281
LN NA Sampson et al. 1998: 281
LN NA Coleman 1992: 210
LN NA Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
LN NA Sampson et al. 1998: 281
LN NA Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
LN NA Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
LN NA Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
LN/FN NA Coleman 1992: 210
LN/FN NA Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
LN/FN NA Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281
Neolithic NA Facorellis 2013
Neolithic NA Facorellis 2013
Neolithic NA Facorellis 2013
Tsangli NA NA
Neolithic NA Facorellis 2013
Tsangli NA NA
Neolithic NA Facorellis 2013
Tsangli NA NA
Neolithic NA Facorellis 2013

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

  • No bibliographic information available. [Breunig 1987: 92]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Sampson et al. 1998: 281]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Coleman 1992: 210]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Facorellis 2013]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Breunig 1987, 92]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Breunig 1987, 93]
  • http://www.14sea.org/ [14SEA]
  • Weninger, B. (2022). CalPal Edition 2022.9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/1010.5281/zenodo.7422618 [CalPal2022]
  • Hinz, M., Furholt, M., Müller, J., Raetzel-Fabian, D., Rinne, C., Sjögren, K.-G., & Wotzka, H.-P. (2012). RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology, 14, 1–4. https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116 [RADON]
  • Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{Breunig 1987: 92,
  
}
@misc{Sampson et al. 1998: 281,
  
}
@misc{Coleman 1992: 210,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis 2013,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 92,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987, 93,
  
}
@misc{14SEA,
  url = {http://www.14sea.org/},
  note = {Reingruber, A., and Thissen, L. (2017). The 14SEA Project: A 14C database for Southeast Europe and Anatolia (10,000–3000 calBC). Updated 2017-01-31. http://www.14sea.org/index.html}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Breunig 1987: 92","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson et al. 1998: 281","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Coleman 1992: 210","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Breunig 1987, 92","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Breunig 1987, 93","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"14SEA","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://www.14sea.org/}","note":"{Reingruber, A., and Thissen, L. (2017). The 14SEA Project: A 14C database for Southeast Europe and Anatolia (10,000–3000 calBC). Updated 2017-01-31. http://www.14sea.org/index.html}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: 'Breunig 1987: 92'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sampson et al. 1998: 281'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Coleman 1992: 210'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Breunig 1987: 92, Sampson et al. 1998: 281'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Breunig 1987, 92
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Breunig 1987, 93
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: 14SEA
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://www.14sea.org/}"
  :note: "{Reingruber, A., and Thissen, L. (2017). The 14SEA Project: A 14C database
    for Southeast Europe and Anatolia (10,000–3000 calBC). Updated 2017-01-31. http://www.14sea.org/index.html}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog